Ziege-anti-Ratte IgG (Fc) beschichtete Polystyrolpartikel
Immer mehr Hinweise deuten darauf hin, dass große antigenhaltige Partikel starke T-Zell-abhängige hochaffine Antikörperreaktionen induzieren. Diese Antworten erfordern eine Internalisierung großer Partikel nach der Erkennung durch den B-Zell-Rezeptor (BCR) auf B-Zellen. Die molekularen Mechanismen, die die BCR-vermittelte Internalisierung steuern, bleiben jedoch unklar. Hier verwenden wir einen quantitativen Bildanalyseansatz mit hohem Durchsatz, um zwischen B-Zell-Partikelbindung und Internalisierung zu unterscheiden. Wir zeigen systematisch unter Verwendung von niedermolekularen Inhibitoren, dass menschliche B-Zellen eine SYK-abhängige IgM-BCR-Signaltransduktion über PI3K benötigen, um große Anti-IgM-beschichtete Partikel effizient zu internalisieren.
An der IgM-BCR-vermittelten Aktivierung von PI3K sind sowohl das Adapterprotein NCK als auch der Korezeptor CD19 beteiligt. Interessant, wir zeigen hier eine starke NCK-Abhängigkeit ohne tiefgreifende Anforderung des Co-Rezeptors CD19 in B-Zell-Antworten auf große Partikel. Darüber hinaus zeigen wir, dass das IgM-BCR/NCK-Signalereignis die RAC1-Aktivierung erleichtert, um den Aktin-Zytoskelett-Umbau zu fördern, der für die Partikelaufnahme erforderlich ist. Daher etablieren wir NCK/PI3K/RAC1 als attraktive IgM-BCR-Signalachse für biologische Eingriffe, um unerwünschte Antikörperreaktionen auf große Partikel zu verhindern.
Einführung
Der erste Schritt bei der Induktion der Antikörperproduktion ist die Bindung von externem Antigen an den B-Zell-Rezeptor (BCR) auf naiven B-Zellen. Die BCR-Ligation durch Antigen führt zu einer BCR-vermittelten Transmembransignalisierung und Antigeninternalisierung, gefolgt von proteolytischem Abbau und Präsentation von Antigen-abgeleiteten Peptiden durch Haupthistokompatibilitätskomplex-Klasse-II-Moleküle (MHCII) auf der B-Zell-Plasmamembran . MHCII/Antigen-Komplexe werden von Antigen-spezifischen T-Zell-Rezeptoren erkannt, die von CD4 + -T-Zellen exprimiert werden . Nach Bildung einer stabilen Antigen-spezifischen Interaktion erhalten B-Zellen Hilfe von CD4 +T-Zellen über co-stimulierende Moleküle und lösliche Zytokine zur Förderung der B-Zell-Differenzierung in hochaffine Antikörper-produzierende Plasmazellen während Keimzentrums-(GC)-Reaktionen in sekundären lymphatischen Organen.
- Der BCR besteht aus einem membrangebundenen Immunglobulin, das mit einem CD79a- und CD79b-Heterodimer assoziiert ist, das intrazelluläre Immunrezeptor-Tyrosin-Aktivierungsmotive (ITAMs) enthält .
- Bei der Erkennung verwandter Antigene wird die Phosphorylierung der ITAMs durch die Kinase LYN der SRC-Familie und die Milz-Tyrosin-Kinase (SYK) initiiert.
- Diese phosphorylierten Motive rekrutieren mehrere Adapter- und Effektorproteine, aus denen das Signalosom besteht, das SYK, B-Zell-Linker (BLNK), Brutons Tyrosinkinase (BTK), Phospholipase C-γ2 (PLCγ2) und den Co-Rezeptor CD19 enthält. Das Signalosom treibt die Aktivierung mehrerer nachgeschalteter Effektorwege an, um das Signal vom BCR zu verstärken, das zu Veränderungen im Zellstoffwechsel, der Genexpression und der Organisation des Zytoskeletts führt. Viele Proteine, die für die Transmembran-Signalübertragung benötigt werden, sind auch an der Antigen-Internalisierung und dem anschließenden intrazellulären Transport des Antigen-BCR-Komplexes beteiligt .
Die meisten Studien, die Signalkomponenten und molekulare Mechanismen beschreiben, die die BCR-vermittelte Internalisierung von Antigenen kontrollieren, verwenden kleine lösliche Antigene oder Antigene, die an ebene Lipiddoppelschichtoberflächen oder Plasmamembranschichten gebunden sind und durch kraftabhängige Extraktion oder enzymatische Freisetzung extrahiert werden .
B-Zellen sind jedoch auch in der Lage, große Partikel zu internalisieren. Diese Fähigkeit wurde lange Zeit vernachlässigt, aber in den letzten Jahren haben mehrere Gruppen, einschließlich unserer eigenen, die Existenz dieses zellbiologischen Prozesses zur Internalisierung großer Partikel, einschließlich anti-IgM-beschichteter Bakterien und Kügelchen, nachgewiesen . Die physiologische Bedeutung dieses Weges wurde kürzlich demonstriert, indem gezeigt wurde, dass die Internalisierung großer Partikel durch follikuläre B-Zellen zu einer starken GC-Antwort und der Erzeugung von klassengewechselten Antikörpern mit hoher Affinität in Mäusen führte . Von zusätzlicher Bedeutung bei der Aufnahme großer Partikel ist der Prozess der Epitopausbreitung. Die Epitopausbreitung ist ein Prozess, bei dem Antigene, die sich von dem Antigen unterscheiden, das von den antigenspezifischen BCR erkannt wurde, auf der Plasmamembran der B-Zellen präsentiert werden . Als solche B-Zellen und CD4 +T-Zellen mit unterschiedlicher Spezifität können interagieren, um die laufende Immunantwort anzutreiben. Dieses Verfahren ist sehr wünschenswert, wenn es während der Infektion auf fremde Antigene abzielt, um die B-Zell-Antwort zu erweitern. Im Gegensatz dazu ist in Fällen von Selbstreaktivität bei Autoimmunreaktionen oder Alloimmunisierung gegen transfundierte Blutprodukte die Ausbreitung von Epitopen ein klinisches Problem, das dringend einer gezielten Therapie bedarf.
Goat anti-Rat IgG (Fc) Coated Polystyrene Particles, Cross-adsorbed, 0.5%w/v, 6.0-8.0µm, 5mL |
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RTPFC-60-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 175 EUR |
Ms IgG Coated Polystyrene Particles |
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MsGPX-50-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 376.8 EUR |
Goat anti-Rat IgG (H&L) Coated Polystyrene Particles, Cross-adsorbed, 0.5%w/v, 6.0-8.0µm, 5mL |
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RTPXA-60-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 171.5 EUR |
Anti-DNP Coated Polystyrene Particles |
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DNPP-50-2 | Spherotech | 2 mL | 346.8 EUR |
Streptavidin Coated Polystyrene Particles |
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SVP-05-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 2203.2 EUR |
Anti-Digoxigenin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 10-14.0µm, 0.1%w/v, 2mL |
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DIGP-100-2 | Spherotech | 2mL | 346.5 EUR |
BSA Coated Polystyrene Particles, 2%w/v, 13.0-17.9µm, 5mL |
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BP2-150-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 325.5 EUR |
Ms Anti-FLAG M2 Coated Polystyrene Particles, 0.5%w/v, 14.0-17.4µm, 2mL |
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MPAF-150-4 | Spherotech | 2mL | 269.5 EUR |
DiagPoly Avidin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 0.7-0.9 µm |
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DNM-C001 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 1212 EUR |
DiagPoly Avidin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 1.0-1.4 µm |
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DNM-C002 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 1212 EUR |
DiagPoly Avidin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 3.0-3.9 µm |
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DNM-C003 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 1062 EUR |
DiagPoly Avidin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 6.0-8.0 µm |
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DNM-C004 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 1062 EUR |
DiagPoly Biotin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 0.7-0.9 µm |
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DNM-C016 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 1062 EUR |
DiagPoly Biotin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 3.0-3.9 µm |
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DNM-C017 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 1062 EUR |
DiagPoly Biotin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 6.0-8.6 µm |
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DNM-C018 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 1200 EUR |
DiagPoly Streptavidin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 1 µm |
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DNM-M011 | Creative Diagnostics | 1 mL | 763.2 EUR |
Anti-Digoxigenin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 0.4- 0.6µm, 0.1%w/v, 2mL |
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DIGP-05-2 | Spherotech | 2 mL | 168 EUR |
Anti-Digoxigenin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 0.7- 0.9µm, 0.1%w/v, 2mL |
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DIGP-08-2 | Spherotech | 2mL | 175 EUR |
Anti-Digoxigenin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 2.0- 2.4µm, 0.1%w/v, 2mL |
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DIGP-20-2 | Spherotech | 2 mL | 175 EUR |
Anti-Digoxigenin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 4.0- 4.9µm, 0.1%w/v, 2mL |
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DIGP-40-2 | Spherotech | 2 mL | 175 EUR |
Anti-Digoxigenin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 6.0- 8.0µm, 0.1%w/v, 2mL |
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DIGP-60-2 | Spherotech | 2mL | 185.5 EUR |
BSA Coated Polystyrene Particles, 1%w/v, 3.0-3.9µm, 5mL |
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BP-30-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 161 EUR |
BSA Coated Polystyrene Particles, 1%w/v, 6.0-8.0µm, 5mL |
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BP-60-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 175 EUR |
Ms Anti-FLAG M2 Coated Polystyrene Particles, 0.1%w/v, 0.4-0.6µm, 2mL |
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MPAF-05-2 | Spherotech | 2 mL | 189 EUR |
Ms Anti-FLAG M2 Coated Polystyrene Particles, 0.1%w/v, 2.0-2.4µm, 2mL |
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MPAF-20-2 | Spherotech | 2 mL | 178.5 EUR |
DiagPoly Streptavidin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 8.0-12.9 µm |
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DNM-C013 | Creative Diagnostics | 4 mL | 1200 EUR |
DiagPoly Streptavidin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 13.0-17.9 µm |
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DNM-C014 | Creative Diagnostics | 4 mL | 1294.8 EUR |
DiagPoly Streptavidin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 18.0-24.0 µm |
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DNM-C015 | Creative Diagnostics | 4 mL | 1310.4 EUR |
BSA Coated Polystyrene Particles, 1%w/v, 0.7-0.9µm, 10mL |
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BP-08-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 143.5 EUR |
DiagPoly Streptavidin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 0.3-0.4 µm |
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DNM-C005 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 811.2 EUR |
DiagPoly Streptavidin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 0.4-0.6 µm |
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DNM-C006 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 987.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Streptavidin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 0.7-0.9 µm |
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DNM-C007 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 795.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Streptavidin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 1.5-1.9 µm |
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DNM-C008 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 987.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Streptavidin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 3.0-3.9 µm |
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DNM-C009 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 1062 EUR |
DiagPoly Streptavidin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 4.0-4.9 µm |
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DNM-C010 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 1062 EUR |
DiagPoly Streptavidin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 5.0-5.9 µm |
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DNM-C011 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 1062 EUR |
DiagPoly Streptavidin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 6.0-8.0 µm |
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DNM-C012 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 1062 EUR |
Streptavidin Coated Polystyrene Particles, 1%w/v, 196-211µm, 4mL |
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SVP-2000-4 | Spherotech | 4 mL | 297.5 EUR |
DiagPoly Avidin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, Pink, 0.4-0.6 µm |
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DNM-L091 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 795.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Avidin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, Pink, 1.7-2.2 µm |
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DNM-L092 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 920.4 EUR |
DiagPoly Avidin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, FITC, 1.7-2.2 µm |
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DNM-L097 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 920.4 EUR |
DiagPoly Biotin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, Pink, 0.4-0.6 µm |
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DNM-L100 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 795.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Biotin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, Pink, 1.7-2.2 µm |
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DNM-L101 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 920.4 EUR |
DiagPoly Biotin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, Pink, 5.0-5.9 µm |
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DNM-L102 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 920.4 EUR |
DiagPoly Biotin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, Blue, 3.0-3.9 µm |
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DNM-L105 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 920.4 EUR |
DiagPoly Biotin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, Blue, 7.0-7.9 µm |
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DNM-L106 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 994.8 EUR |
DiagPoly Avidin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, Yellow, 0.4-0.6 µm |
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DNM-L088 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 795.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Avidin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, Yellow, 0.7-0.9 µm |
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DNM-L089 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 795.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Avidin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, Yellow, 1.7-2.2 µm |
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DNM-L090 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 920.4 EUR |
DiagPoly Avidin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, Purple, 0.4-0.6 µm |
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DNM-L093 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 795.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Avidin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, Purple, 0.7-0.9 µm |
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DNM-L094 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 795.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Biotin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, Yellow, 0.4-0.6 µm |
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DNM-L098 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 795.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Biotin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, Yellow, 7.0-7.9 µm |
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DNM-L099 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 994.8 EUR |
DiagPoly Avidin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, Sky Blue, 0.7-0.9 µm |
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DNM-L095 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 795.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Avidin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, Nile Red, 0.7-0.9 µm |
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DNM-L096 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 795.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Biotin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, Nile Red, 0.7-0.9 µm |
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DNM-L103 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 795.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Biotin Coated Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles, Nile Red, 7.0-7.9 µm |
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DNM-L104 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 994.8 EUR |
Gt anti-Ms IgG (Fc) Polystyrene Particles |
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MPFc-08-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 1107.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Goat Anti-mouse IgG (Fc) Conjugated Polystyrene Particles, 0.7-0.9 µm |
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DNM-C019 | Creative Diagnostics | 20 mL | 999.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Goat Anti-mouse IgG (Fc) Conjugated Polystyrene Particles, 3.0-3.9 µm |
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DNM-C024 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 1062 EUR |
DiagPoly Goat Anti-mouse IgG (Fc) Conjugated Polystyrene Particles, 6.0-8.0 µm |
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DNM-C025 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 1062 EUR |
DiagPoly Goat Anti-mouse IgG (H+L) Conjugated Polystyrene Particles, 0.7-0.9 µm |
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DNM-C020 | Creative Diagnostics | 20 mL | 999.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Goat Anti-Human IgG (H+L) Conjugated Polystyrene Particles, 0.7-0.9 µm |
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DNM-C022 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 795.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Goat Anti-mouse IgG (H+L) Conjugated Polystyrene Particles, 3.0-3.9 µm |
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DNM-C026 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 999.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Goat Anti-mouse IgG (H+L) Conjugated Polystyrene Particles, 6.0-8.0 µm |
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DNM-C027 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 1062 EUR |
Ms anti-Hu IgG(Fc) Polystyrene Particles, 0.5%w/v, 10.0-14.0µm, 4mL |
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HUAMP-100-4 | Spherotech | 4 mL | 182 EUR |
Gt anti-Ms IgG (Fc) Polystyrene Particles, 0.5%w/v, 13.0-17.9µm, 4mL |
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MPFc-150-4 | Spherotech | 4 mL | 259 EUR |
Gt anti-Hu IgG (H&L) Polystyrene Particles |
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HUP-08-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 237.6 EUR |
Gt anti-Ms IgG (Fc) Polystyrene Particles, 0.5%w/v, 3.0-3.9µm, 5mL |
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MPFc-30-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 175 EUR |
Gt anti-Ms IgG (Fc) Polystyrene Particles, 0.5%w/v, 6.0-8.0µm, 5mL |
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MPFc-60-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 175 EUR |
Gt anti-Ms IgG (Fc) Polystyrene Particles, 5%w/v, 6.0-8.0µm, 5mL |
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MPFc5-60-5 | Spherotech | 5mL | 1221.5 EUR |
Gt anti-Rb IgG (Fc) Polystyrene Particles, 0.5%w/v, 6.0-8.0µm, 5mL |
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RPFc-60-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 175 EUR |
Gt anti-Ms IgG(Fc) Polystyrene Particles, 0.25%w/v, 0.7-0.9µm, 20mL |
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MPFc-08-20 | Spherotech | 20 mL | 161 EUR |
Gt anti-Rb IgG (Fc) Polystyrene Particles, 0.25%w/v, 0.7-0.9µm, 20mL |
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RPFc-08-20 | Spherotech | 20 mL | 161 EUR |
Gt anti-Hu IgG (Fc) Polystyrene Particles, 0.5% w/v, 3.0-3.4 um, 5 mL |
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HUPFc-30-5 | Spherotech | 1 unit | 250 EUR |
DiagPoly Goat Anti-mouse IgG (H+L) Conjugated Polystyrene Particles, cross absorbed, 0.7-0.9 µm |
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DNM-C021 | Creative Diagnostics | 20 mL | 999.6 EUR |
Dk anti-Sh IgG Polystyrene Particles, 0.5%w/v, 6.0-8.0µm, 5mL |
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SPXA-60-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 175 EUR |
Gt anti-Hu IgG(H&L) Polystyrene Particles, 0.5%w/v, 10.0-14.0µm, 5mL |
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HUP-100-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 185.5 EUR |
Gt anti-Hu IgG(H&L) Polystyrene Particles, 0.5%w/v, 14.0-17.9µm, 5mL |
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HUP-150-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 206.5 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles |
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PPB-05-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 1278 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles |
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PPX-05-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 1131.6 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles |
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PPX-1800-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 261.6 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles |
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PPXR-50-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 1089.6 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles |
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PP-150-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 286.8 EUR |
Gt anti-Hu IgG (H&L) Polystyrene Particles, 0.5%w/v, 3.0-3.4µm, 5mL |
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HUP-30-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 175 EUR |
Gt anti-Hu IgG(H&L) Polystyrene Particles, 0.5%w/v, 6.0-7.9µm, 5mL |
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HUP-60-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 196 EUR |
Gt anti-Hu IgG(H&L) Polystyrene Particles, 5%w/v, 6.0-7.9µm, 5mL |
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HUP5-60-5 | Spherotech | 5mL | 1221.5 EUR |
Gt anti-Ms IgG (H&L) Polystyrene Particles, 0.5%w/v, 6.0-8.0µm, 5mL |
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MP-60-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 157.5 EUR |
Gt anti-Ms IgG (H&L) Polystyrene Particles, 0.25%w/v, 0.7-0.9µm, 20mL |
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MP-08-20 | Spherotech | 20 mL | 161 EUR |
Rb anti-6X His Polystyrene Particles |
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HISP-05-2 | Spherotech | 2 mL | 376.8 EUR |
NHS Polystyrene Particles |
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NHSP-200-4 | Spherotech | 4 mL | 493.2 EUR |
Gt anti-Ms (H&L) Polystyrene Particles |
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MPXA-08-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 1107.6 EUR |
Gt anti-Ms (H&L) Polystyrene Particles |
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MPXA-08-20 | Spherotech | 20 mL | 322.8 EUR |
Porous Polystyrene Particles |
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PPRXS-100-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 339.6 EUR |
Porous Polystyrene Particles |
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PPRXS-50-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 339.6 EUR |
Biotin Polystyrene Particles |
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TP-10-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 346.8 EUR |
Ms anti-Hu Ig Kappa Polystyrene Particles |
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HUAMkP-100--4 | Spherotech | 4 mL | 615.6 EUR |
Carboxyl Polystyrene Particles |
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CPX-70-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 286.8 EUR |
Carboxyl Polystyrene Particles |
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CP10-025-20 | Spherotech | 20 mL | 615.6 EUR |
Maleimide Polystyrene Particles |
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MIP-10-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 372 EUR |
Oligo (dT)25 Coated Polystyrene Beads, 0.5%w/v, 10.0-14.0µm, 4mL |
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OdT25P-100-4 | Spherotech | 4 mL | 259 EUR |
Iminobiotin Polystyrene Particles |
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ITP-60-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 346.8 EUR |
Streptavidin Polystyrene Particles |
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SVP-10-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 3981.6 EUR |
Streptavidin Polystyrene Particles |
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SVP-15-50 | Spherotech | 50 mL | 2064 EUR |
Streptavidin Polystyrene Particles |
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SVP-30-50 | Spherotech | 50 mL | 2064 EUR |
Streptavidin Polystyrene Particles |
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SVP-60-50 | Spherotech | 50 mL | 2064 EUR |
Streptavidin Polystyrene Particles |
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SVP-800-05 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 164.4 EUR |
Streptavidin Polystyrene Particles |
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SVP1-200-4 | Spherotech | 4 mL | 790.8 EUR |
Streptavidin Polystyrene Particles |
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SVP1-30-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 578.4 EUR |
Streptavidin Polystyrene Particles |
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SVP1-50-5 | Spherotech | 5 mL | 578.4 EUR |
Dimethylamino Polystyrene Particles |
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DP-08-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 230.4 EUR |
Dimethylamino Polystyrene Particles |
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DP-08-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 1424.4 EUR |
Polystyrene Magnetic Particles |
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PM-20-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 1521.6 EUR |
Polystyrene Magnetic Particles |
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PM-30-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 1521.6 EUR |
Polystyrene Magnetic Particles |
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PM-40-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 1521.6 EUR |
Polystyrene Magnetic Particles |
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PM-50-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 1765.2 EUR |
Polystyrene Magnetic Particles |
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PMS-20-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 1618.8 EUR |
Rb anti-6X His Polystyrene Particles, 0.1%w/v, 6.0- 8.0, 2mL |
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HISP-60-2 | Spherotech | 2 mL | 171.5 EUR |
Glutathione Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles |
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GSHFP--10067-2 | Spherotech | 2 mL | 352.8 EUR |
DiagPoly DBCO Polystyrene Particles, 10 µm |
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DNM-M006 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 1170 EUR |
DiagPoly DBCO Polystyrene Particles, 20 µm |
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DNM-M007 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 1201.2 EUR |
DiagPoly DBCO Polystyrene Particles, 5 µm |
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DNM-M012 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 1170 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 5%w/v, 0.05-0.1µm, 10mL |
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PP-008-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 91 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 5%w/v, 0.05-0.1µm, 100mL |
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PP-008-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 728 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 2.5%w/v, 8.0-12.9µm, 10mL |
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PP-100-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 140 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 2.5%w/v, 8.0-12.9µm, 100mL |
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PP-100-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 1120 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 10%w/v, 0.05-0.1µm, 10mL |
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PP10-008-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 161 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 10%w/v, 0.1-0.19µm, 10mL |
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PP10-015-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 161 EUR |
DiagPoly Carboxyl Polystyrene Particles, 0.015 µm |
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DNM-F021 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 925.2 EUR |
DiagPoly Carboxyl Polystyrene Particles, 0.025 µm |
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DNM-F022 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 925.2 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 0.2 µm |
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DNM-F001 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 696 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 0.3 µm |
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DNM-F002 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 696 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 0.4 µm |
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DNM-F003 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 696 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 0.5 µm |
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DNM-F004 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 714 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 0.6 µm |
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DNM-F005 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 714 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 0.7 µm |
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DNM-F006 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 714 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 0.8 µm |
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DNM-F007 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 714 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 0.9 µm |
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DNM-F008 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 721.2 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 1.0 µm |
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DNM-F009 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 788.4 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 2.0 µm |
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DNM-F010 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 788.4 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 2.5 µm |
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DNM-F011 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 788.4 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 3.0 µm |
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DNM-F012 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 788.4 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 3.5 µm |
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DNM-F013 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 788.4 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 4.0 µm |
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DNM-F014 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 788.4 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 5.0 µm |
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DNM-F015 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 788.4 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 6.0 µm |
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DNM-F016 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 987.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 7.0 µm |
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DNM-F017 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 987.6 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 8.0 µm |
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DNM-F018 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 788.4 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 10.0 µm |
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DNM-F019 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 920.4 EUR |
DiagPoly Amine Polystyrene Particles, 12.0 µm |
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DNM-F020 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 920.4 EUR |
DiagPoly Epoxy Polystyrene Particles, 30 μm |
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DNM-M001 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 925.2 EUR |
DiagPoly Plain Polystyrene Particles, 0.05-0.1 µm |
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DNM-P001 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 664.8 EUR |
DiagPoly Plain Polystyrene Particles, 8.0-12.9 µm |
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DNM-P016 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 788.4 EUR |
DiagPoly™ Plain Polystyrene Particles, 0.025 µm |
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DMP-L001 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 635 EUR |
DiagPoly™ Plain Polystyrene Particles, 100 µm |
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DMP-L067 | Creative Diagnostics | 0.5 g | 912.5 EUR |
DiagPoly™ Plain Polystyrene Particles, 150 µm |
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DMP-L073 | Creative Diagnostics | 0.5 g | 912.5 EUR |
DiagPoly™ Plain Polystyrene Particles, 200 µm |
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DMP-L079 | Creative Diagnostics | 0.5 g | 912.5 EUR |
DiagPoly™ Plain Polystyrene Particles, 300 µm |
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DMP-L091 | Creative Diagnostics | 0.5 g | 912.5 EUR |
DiagPoly™ Plain Polystyrene Particles, 400 µm |
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DMP-L100 | Creative Diagnostics | 0.5 g | 912.5 EUR |
DiagPoly™ Plain Polystyrene Particles, 500 µm |
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DMP-L106 | Creative Diagnostics | 0.5 g | 912.5 EUR |
DiagPoly™ Plain Polystyrene Particles, 700 µm |
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DMP-L118 | Creative Diagnostics | 0.5 g | 912.5 EUR |
DiagPoly™ Plain Polystyrene Particles, 0.015 μm |
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DMP-L124 | Creative Diagnostics | 5 mL | 687.5 EUR |
DiagPoly™ Amine Polystyrene Particles, 100 µm |
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DNG-P075 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 897.5 EUR |
DiagPoly™ C8 Polystyrene Particles, 1 µm |
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DNG-P185 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 740 EUR |
DiagPoly™ C8 Polystyrene Particles, 5 µm |
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DNG-P189 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 770 EUR |
DiagPoly™ C8 Polystyrene Particles, 10 µm |
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DNG-P193 | Creative Diagnostics | 10 mL | 815 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 5%w/v, 0.1-0.2µm., 10mL |
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PP-015-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 91 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 5%w/v, 0.2-0.3µm, 10mL |
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PP-025-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 91 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 5%w/v, 0.2-0.3µm, 100mL |
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PP-025-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 728 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 5%w/v, 0.4-0.6µm, 10mL |
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PP-05-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 91 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 5%w/v, 0.4-0.6µm, 100mL |
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PP-05-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 728 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 5%w/v, 0.7-0.9µm, 10mL |
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PP-08-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 91 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 5%w/v, 0.7-0.9µm, 100mL |
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PP-08-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 728 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 5%w/v, 1.0-1.4µm, 10mL |
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PP-10-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 108.5 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 5%w/v, 1.0-1.4µm, 100mL |
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PP-10-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 868 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 5%w/v, 1.5-1.9µm, 10mL |
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PP-15-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 108.5 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 5%w/v, 1.5-1.9µm, 100mL |
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PP-15-100 | Spherotech | 100mL | 868 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 5%w/v, 2.0-2.4µm, 10mL |
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PP-20-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 115.5 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 5%w/v, 2.0-2.4µm, 100mL |
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PP-20-100 | Spherotech | 100 mL | 924 EUR |
Polystyrene Particles, 5%w/v, 2.5-2.9µm, 10mL |
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PP-25-10 | Spherotech | 10 mL | 119 EUR |
Hier untersuchten wir die molekularen Mechanismen, die die Internalisierung und Antigenpräsentation großer Partikel in menschlichen B-Zellen vermitteln. Ein quantitativer Hochdurchsatz-Bildanalyseansatz wurde unter Verwendung von inaktiviertem Anti-IgM-beschichtetem Salmonella typhimurium als Modellpartikel verwendet, um die IgM-BCR-vermittelte Internalisierung zu quantifizieren. Wir zeigen, dass die Phosphoinositid-3-Kinase (PI3K) der Haupttreiber der Aktin-abhängigen Aufnahme großer Partikel durch menschliche B-Zellen ist. An der IgM-BCR-vermittelten Aktivierung von PI3K sind sowohl das Adapterprotein NCK als auch der Korezeptor CD19 beteiligt . Wir zeigen, dass die IgM-BCR/NCK-Achse für die Internalisierung großer Partikel in menschlichen B-Zellen erforderlich ist. Diese Achse treibt die Internalisierung über die Aktivierung des Aktin-Zytoskelett-Modulators RAC1 an. Insgesamt zeigen unsere Daten, dass die NCK-PI3K-RAC1-Achse wesentlich ist, um eine humorale Immunantwort auf große Partikel aufzubauen.